LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



INTEMPERANCE 



CRIME 



/ 

By NOAH DAVIS, 

CHIEF JUSTICE 07 THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW YORK. 



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NEW YORK: 

Hational Temperance Society and Publication House, 

58 READE STREET. 
1879. 



•T>3 



Copyright, 1879, by 
J. N. STEARNS, Publishing Agent. 



PREFACE 



The following paper was kindly prepared by Chief 
Justice Noah Davis, by special invitation, for a 
Parlor Conference, one of a series now being held 
under the auspices of the National Temperance 
Society. 

It was read by the author on the evening of De- 
cember 17, 1878, in the parlors of Hon. Wm. E. 
Dodge, President of the Society, and listened to 
with profound attention by a large number of 
guests, including many distinguished representa- 
tives of the professional and mercantile life of the 
metropolis. 



INTEMPERANCE AND CRIME. 



I am invited to speak to-night of the relations 
of intemperance to crime. The theme is a hack- 
neyed one, as old as alcohol, and one can not 
consider it without a sort of anger at the selfish- 
ness of the men of past generations, who have 
said all our good things before we were born. 
Little is left to us but to array their testimonies 
and confirm them by our own experiences. 

No one doubts the existence of sin. Through- 
out Christendom a million spires rise to heaven 
in proof and condemnation of it. Yet the ugly 
fact remains, and will, until the devil is finally 
chained to make room for the millennium. But 
this is no argument against the reiteration of 
godly preaching and Gospel truth. Said Chief 
Justice Marshall, to a lawyer who began his 
argument in the Garden of Eden: "It 'is safe 
to assume that the court knows something." 
On that authority I shall assume that this 
audience knows, by hear say, of the existence 
of crime and intemperance, and proceed to 
speak of their correlations. It is not quite sus- 



6 Intemperance and Crime. 

ceptible of proof that the relation of intemper- 
ance to crime is that of causa causans. There 
are other causes, such as hate, avarice, jealousy, 
lust, and revenge ; but these are narrower in 
their circles of evil ; more easily repressed by 
individuals and society ; more subject to moral 
influences and restraints, and are not sanctioned 
by law nor dealt out under statutory licenses. 

But among all causes of crime, intemperance 
stands out the "unapproachable chief." This 
fact may be established both affirmatively and 
negatively. It is proved by the existence of in- 
temperance, and equally as well by its non-ex- 
istence ; just as the tides of the ocean may be 
proved by the flood and by the ebb. First, let 
us briefly consider the proof by existence. The 
proposition is, that whenever and wherever 
intemperance is most prevalent, crime is most 
abundant. Crime is the mercury of a political 
and moral thermometer which intemperance- 
and its opposite affect as heat and cold. This 
recognized fact has created an elementary prin- 
ciple in the criminal common law — that drunk- 
enness is no excuse for crime. 

No principle is better, or was earlier, settled, 
and it was rested upon the manifest fact that, if 



Intemperance and Crime. J 

allowed as an excuse, all crime would prepare 
and fortify itself by intoxication. Hence courts, 
even in capital cases, were compelled to treat 
drunkenness as an aggravation of crime, and to 
hold that a drunken intent was equally as felo- 
nious as a sober one. In common acceptance, 
the drunken man is temporarily insane. It is 
fortunate that in a country where making drunk 
was a business licensed by law as a source of 
governmental revenue the wisdom of judges 
discarded popular notions, and the natural infer- 
ence from that kind of legislation, and gave us 
principles and rules by inheritance which I fear 
we would not have had the virtue to originate. 
Intoxicating drinks enable men to commit crimes 
by firing the passions and quenching the con- 
science. Burke, the Irish murderer, whose 
horrible mode of committing his crimes has 
taken his own name, in his confession states 
that only once did he feel any restraint of con- 
science. That was when he was about to kill 
an infant child. The babe looked up and smiled 
in his face, " but," said he, "I drank a large 
glass of brandy, and then I had no remorse." 
His case is one of thousands. Many times in 
my own experience have young men looked up 



8 Intemperance and Crime. 

to me, when asked what they had to say why 
the sentence of the law should not be pro- 
nounced, and falteringly said : "I was drunk; 
I would not and could not have done it had I 
not been drunk." 

That habits of intemperance are the chief 
cause of crime is the testimony of all judges of 
large experience. More than two hundred 
years ago Sir Matthew Hale, then Chief Jus- 
tice of England, to whom as a writer and judge 
we are greatly indebted for our own criminal 
law, speaking on this subject, said: "'The 
places of judicature I have long held in this 
kingdom, have given me an opportunity to ob- 
serve the original cause of most of the enormi- 
ties that have been committed for the space of 
nearly twenty years, and by due observation I 
have found that if the murders and manslaugh- 
ters, the burglaries and robberies, the riots and 
tumults, the adulteries, fornications, rapes, and 
other enormities that have happened in that 
time were divided into five parts, four of them 
have been the issue and product of excessive 
drinking — of tavern and ale-house drinking." 
Leaping over two hundred years of English 
history and jurisprudence, I call one other emi- 



Intemperance and Crime. . 9 

nent judge of great experience to testify. Lord 
Chief-Baron Kelly, perhaps the oldest judge now 
on the English bench, says in a letter to the Arch- 
deacon of Canterbury: " Two-thirds of the crimes 
which come before the courts of law of this 
country are occasioned chiefly by intemperance." 
Not less explicit is the testimony of those 
whose official duties have brought them in con- 
tact with convicted criminals. Speaking of in- 
temperance, the Chaplain of the Preston House 
of Correction said: " Nine-tenths of the En- 
glish crime requiring to be dealt with by law 
arises from the English sin, which the law 
scarcely discourages." And the late inspector 
of English prisons says : " I am within the truth 
when I state that in four cases out of five, when 
an offense has been committed, intoxicating 
drink has been one of the causes." The rea- 
son for this is not found in English skies. A 
committee of the House of Commons of the 
Dominion of Canada, reporting in 1875, state 
that "out of 28,289 commitments to the jails 
of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, dur- 
ing the three previous years, 21,236 were com- 
mitted either for drunkenness or for crimes per- 
petrated under the influence of drink." 



io Intemperance and Crime, 

This is not a mere provincial imitation of the 
fashions of the mother country ; for, alas ! in 
our own land, under our beloved republican in- 
stitutions, the same startling facts exist. Mas- 
sachusetts, great keeper of Plymouth Rock and 
of the virtues that landed there, tells the same 
tale. The report of her State Board of Chari- 
ties for 1869 says: " The proportion of crime 
traceable to this great vice must be set down, 
as heretofore, at not less than four-fifths," and 
her inspectors of State prisons in 1868 gave 
the same proportion. Coming closer home, we 
have the testimony of our Board of Police Jus- 
tices in their report of 1874: "We are fully 
satisfied," say they, " that intoxication is the one 
great leading cause that renders the existence 
of our police courts necessary." 

Of seventeen cases of murder, examined sep- 
arately by Dr. Harris, corresponding secretary 
of the Prison Association, fourteen were insti- 
gated by intoxicating drinks. The line of wit- 
nesses might stretch out to the crack of doom. 
The case would only be a little stronger. It is 
established beyond argument by official statis- 
tics, by the experience of courts, and by the 
observation of enlightened philanthropists, that 



Intemperance and Crime. . 1 1 

the prevalence of intemperance in every coun- 
try is the standard by which its crimes may be 
measured. Whatever man or woman can do 
that checks intemperance, diminishes crime, 
lessens vice and misery, and promotes virtue 
and happiness. Whatever man or woman does 
do that spreads intemperance, increases crime, 
promotes vice and misery, and lessens virtue 
and happiness. The State has no soul to damn. 
The corporation of New York will never stand 
at the great judgment bar. The official who 
goes in to-day and out to-morrow will carry his 
own load of vice or meed of virtue ; but neither 
State nor municipality will ever rise to the sim- 
plest of all duties — the prevention of crime and 
misery at the fountain-head — until the people 
are brought by individual effort to realize the 
necessity of that heroism. 

The relation of intemperance to crime is also 
strikingly shown by the diminution of the latter 
wherever the former is wholly or partially sup- 
pressed. 

Whether the suppression be the result of pro- 
hibitory laws, or of the efforts of the advocates 
of temperance, makes no difference with the 
general truth of the proposition. Taken in all 



12 Intemperance and Crime. 

its aspects, perhaps the most wonderful tem- 
perance reformation of any age was that led by 
Father Mathew in Ireland. I can not speak 
his name without emotions of deepest venera- 
tion. Worthier he than all others to be called 
the patron saint of Ireland. Before the close 
of October, 1838, Father Mathew had enrolled 
more than 250,000 names on his pledges of 
total abstinence. Well, names are nothing. 
Things are much. Lord Morpeth, when Sec- 
retary for Ireland, in an address on the condi- 
tion of Ireland, gave these statistics. Of cases 
of murder, attempts at murder, offenses against 
the person, aggravated assaults, and cutting 
and maiming — there were, he says, in 1837, 
12,096; 1838, 11,058; 1839, 1,097; l8 40, 173- 

Between 1838 and 1840 the consumption of 
spirits in Ireland had fallen off 5,000,000 gal- 
lons ; the public-houses where liquors were re- 
tailed had lessened by 237 in the city of Dub- 
lin alone ; the persons imprisoned in the Bride- 
well (the principal city prison), had fallen in a 
single year from 136 to 23, and more than 100 
cells in the Bridewell being empty, the Smith- 
field prison was actually closed. 

To what can be attributed this amazing array 



Intemperance and Crime, 13 

of facts and figures ? Not to war, nor to pesti- 
lence, nor to famine, for these are, unhappily, 
the begetters of crime. Not to a sterner execu- 
tion of the laws, nor to greater severity of pun- 
ishments, for these always relax as crime dimin- 
ishes. Not to changes in the excise laws of 
the country, for they, for the most part, remain- 
ed intact. No, it must stand as an historic 
truth that one bold, humane man, planting him- 
self on the rock of temperance, and supple- 
menting his priestly power with Christian char- 
ity and love, by his burning zeal and eloquence 
awoke all the emotional nature of his volatile 
race, and built up a barrier of voluntary pledges 
between them and the great curse of their coun- 
try. 

Something analogous is even now in prog~- 
ress in our city. Analogous in that its leader 
and advocate is an Irishman full of the enthusi- 
astic eloquence of the Irish nature ; in that its 
motive power is humanity and love ; in that its 
chief object is the rescue of the fallen victims of 
drink ; in that it seeks to reach the intellect 
through the avenues of the heart, by appeals to 
man's better nature ; and God grant that it 



14 Intemperance and Crime. 

may be analogous also in the might of its ex- 
tent and influence ! 

I have selected the one strong example of 
the repression of crime by the successful efforts 
of the friends of temperance not because it 
stands alone, but because time will not permit 
the detail of more. I feel bound to add, how- 
ever, that in my judgment the efforts of tem- 
perance organizations in our country, whatever 
we may think of the wisdom or discretion of 
some of their modes of action, have done more 
to prevent crime by spreading and maintaining 
temperance, especially among our rural popula- 
tions, than all our numerous and complicated 
systems of police. 

The relation of intemperance to crime is also 
plainly manifest where drunkenness is repressed 
by partial or complete prohibition. The cases 
of towns and villages where, by the arrange- 
ments of their founders, no liquors or intoxicat- 
ing drinks have ever been allowed to be sold, 
furnish strong evidence. Vineland, with its 
10,000 people, without a grog-shop, and with a 
police force of one constable, who is also over- 
seer of the poor (with a salary for both offices 



Intemperance and Crime. 1 5 

of $75), reports in some years a single crime, 
and a poor-rate swelling to the aggregate of 
$4 a year. Greeley, in Colorado, is another 
town of 3,000 people, and no liquor-shop. It 
uses and needs no police force, and in two years 
and a half $7 only was called out of its poor- 
fund. Bavaria, Illinois, a town of the same 
population, with absolute prohibition, was with- 
out a drunkard, without a pauper, and without 
a crime. A small town in Western New York 
was founded some years ago by a gentleman 

who made it a condition in all his title-deeds 

> 

that if liquors were sold, the land should revert 
to him. The condition became the subject of 
litigation in our courts, and was held to be valid 
and enforceable by ejectment. 

I well recollect when that case was argued 
before the General Term, of which I was then 
a member, that a very distinguished lawyer and 
politician, not long since the president of the 
State Convention of his party, came up to the 
bench after the argument, and said to me : 
"Judge, if I had been arguing that case I 
should have made a stronger constitutional ob- 
jection." " Well," said I, " what objection 
would you have made ? " " Why," he replied, 



1 6 Intemperance and Crime. 

" that the provision is plainly a violation of the 
Constitution, inasmuch as it prevented free 
speech." " How so ? " I asked. " Why, don't 
you see," said he, " that it would be utterly im- 
possible ever to hold a political meeting of my 
party there ? " That village has none of the in- 
cidents of intemperance ; and the same thing is 
true of numerous other places whose founders 
have established prohibition. 

It may be said that these are not fair exam- 
ples, because the inhabitants were all teetotal- 
ers or temperance men. They are less conclu- 
sive, perhaps, but they certainly show the value 
of the absence of temptation. How is it, then, 
where prohibition exists by absolute law ? I 
will not take Maine, the hackneyed theme of so 
many contradictions, further than to state that 
in 1870 her convictions for crime under prohibi- 
tion were only 431, or one in every 1,689, while 
in our State (exclusive of this city), under license, 
the convictions were 5,473, or one in every 620 
souls. Can it be that the rural population of 
New York is so much more addicted to crime 
than the people of Maine ? 

But take Connecticut — commonly called " the 
land of steady habits." Under the prohibition 



Intemperance and Crime. • 17 

law of 1854, crime is shown to have diminished 
J$ per cent. On the restoration of license in 
1873, crime increased 50 per cent, in a single 
year, and in two years in Hartford, according to 
official returns presented by the Rev. Mr. Walker, 
crime increased in that city 400 per cent. In 
New London the prison was empty, and the 
jailer out of business for awhile after prohibi- 
tion went into effect. Connecticut has now a 
local option act. Under it New London lately 
voted for no license. 

I found in the New York Herald, a few 
mornings ago, a letter from New London la- 
menting at great length the present sufferings 
of thirsty souls in that city. The concluding 
portions of the letter are so naive and so much 
to my purpose that you will pardon me for 
reading them : 

" There are, of course, two sides to the ques- 
tion, and one of them is perhaps exhibited in 
the records of the police of this town for the 
month during which the prohibitory law has 
been in operation. The ' force ' consists of a 
captain, a sergeant, and five patrolmen. The 
captain states that the number of arrests for in- 
toxication heretofore averaged between thirty- 



1 8 Intemperance and Crime. 

five and fifty per month. Seven was the num- 
ber for November — in fact, it was only six, as 
one of them got tipsy on the night before the 
law went into operation, but was not arrested 
until the following day. The whole number of 
arrests on all charges each month is about ioo, 
and the number of persons locked up on other 
charges than drunkenness shows a correspond- 
ing decrease, because many crimes grow out 
of that. 

"Another point is that the class of persons 
most injured by drinking find it impossible to 
obtain liquor. The poor wretch who on Satur- 
day night would get drunk and squander his 
week's earnings can find no one to sell him rum, 
because no sooner does he venture in the streets 
in a drunken condition than he is arrested and 
forced to testify against those who sold him the 
liquor. That class of excessive drinkers is thus 
benefited by the law, and it is to bring this about 
that the moderate drinkers suffer annoyance 
and strangers total deprivation. 

"Again, the houses where gambling and 
other vices flourish complain of the new law. 
It seems odd at the first blush that they should 
be afraid to break one law in establishments 



Intemperance and Crime. 19 

which depend for their existence upon the in- 
fringement of another, but it will be seen that 
if their customers become intoxicated they would 
be the means of calling attention to the places 
where the liquor was obtained, and that would 
lead to the latter being closed. Cider is about 
the only drink to be found in such places, and 
as a consequence they are less frequented than 
formerly. There is nothing to over-stimulate 
the nerves or fire the blood in a glass of acrid 
New England apple-juice — quite the contrary, 
indeed, is its effect. New Haven has voted to 
abolish the licensing of the liquor-traffic by a 
majority of one thousand, and probably the 
same grave and funny aspects of the case will 
be found there." 

But we have had a striking example in our 
own city. The Metropolitan Excise Law of 
1866 was absolutely prohibitory on Sundays. 
Prior to that law there had been no material 
difference in the number of arrests made on that 
day and on other days of the week. Taking 
Tuesdays for comparison, there were from 
January 1, 1867, to October 1, 1868, of Tues- 
day arrests iijC^, of Sunday arrests 5,263, 
showing a difference of 5,771. A larger differ- 



20 Intemperance and Crime. 

ence probably prevails under our present law, 
and the older citizens talk of the quiet and good 
order that now exist on Sundays, as in striking 
contrast to the condition of things when liquors 
were freely sold on the Sabbath. 

On the day of our annual elections a statute 
draws around each polling-place a circle of 
absolute prohibition, within which no intoxicat- 
ing drinks may be sold or given. Contrasted 
with former days, who fails to recognize the 
change from excitement, disorder, and crime to 
almost universal quietude and peace ? And 
who does not see that the measure of peace de- 
pends upon the vigilance with which the police 
enforce the statute ? During the spasmodic 
efforts of the police authorities of this city about 
one year ago to enforce the Excise law, one of 
the Police Commissioners told me that in his 
opinion arrests for crime (other than for breaches 
of the Excise laws) had fallen off between thirty 
and forty per cent. Yet there was no general 
and complete enforcement of the law. This 
fact speaks volumes for what might be accom- 
plished in New York. 

But I am not here to argue for prohibition. 
My sole purpose is to establish that intemper- 



Intemperance and Crime. 2 1 

ance is an evil factor in crime by showing that 
whatever limits or suppresses the one, dimin- 
ishes the other in a ratio almost mathematically 
certain. Whether judging from the declared 
judical experience of others, or from my own, or 
from carefully collected statistics running through 
many series of years, I believe it entirely safe 
to say that one-half of all the crime of this coun- 
try and of Great Britain is caused by the in- 
temperate use of intoxicating liquors ; and that 
of the crimes involving personal violence, cer- 
tainly three-fourths are chargeable to the same 
cause. 

The practical question is : What can be done 
about it ? 

If intemperance were a new evil, coming in 
upon us for the first time like a pestilence from 
some foreign shore, laden with its awful burden 
of disease, pauperism, and crime, with what 
horror would the nation contemplate its mon- 
strous approach. What severity of laws, what 
stringencies of quarantine, what activities of re- 
sistance would be suddenly aroused. But, 
alas ! it is no new evil. It surrounds us like an 
atmosphere, as it has our fathers through count- 
less generations. It perverts judgments, it 



22 Intemperance and Crime. 

poisons habits, it sways passions, it taints 
churches, and sears consciences. It seizes the 
enginery of our legislation, and by it creates a 
moral phenomenon of perpetual motion, which 
nature denies to physics ; for it licenses and 
empowers itself to beget in endless rounds the 
wrongs, vices, and crimes which society is organ- 
ized to prevent ; and, worst of all for our coun- 
try, it encoils parties like the serpents of Lao- 
coon, and crushes in its folds the spirit of patriot- 
ism and virtue. 

Is the case, then, utterly hopeless ? No ; 
not wdiile the spirit of Christ has a tabernacle 
on earth. 

The duties of the present hour lie immedi- 
ately before us : 

First. — To see to it that our present excise 
laws take no step backward. The outcry that 
the present laws must be changed because they 
can not be enforced is insidious and false. They 
can be enforced. The fault is not in them, but 
in faithless officials, who in cowardice dare not 
or in treachery will not obey the plain letter 
and spirit of their injunctions. If the present 
laws were decently enforced, there would not 
be to-day in the city of New York one place 



Intemperance and Crime. % 23 

where liquors could be sold by the drink which 
is not in fact a public inn, necessary for the 
actual accommodation of travelers, and having 
all the conveniences essential to such accommo- 
dation, and kept by a person morally fit to be 
trusted with the responsibilities which the law 
devolves upon inn-keepers and exacts from them 
as licensed venders of intoxicating drinks. 

Second. — It is our duty to stand by those who 
seek to enforce the law and compel official 
obedience to its provisions. Dr. Crosby's 
organization commands respect and deserves 
support. It asks nothing of its enemies but 
obedience to the law, and nothing of its friends 
but to aid it in compelling such obedience. 

Third. — Since all the courts have given their 
final sanction to the act for the protection of 
women and childhood from the injuries drunken- 
ness visits upon innocence, there is no excuse 
for us if we do not see that that law is put in 
vigorous operation. If enforced, it will give 
many a wife a sober husband and many a child 
a sober father, for the fear of the law will be the 
beginning of wisdom to many a drunkard- 
maker. 

Lastly. — We ought to stand by and encourage 



24 Intemperance and Crime. 

the reform that is reaching the hand of brother- 
hood and love to the thousands of drinking men 
and women in our city. Francis Murphy should 
be armed with our sympathy, our prayers, and 
our means to aid his noble work ; and, most of 
all, the victims of rum who are bravely striving 
with his aid to reclaim themselves should be 
helped and encouraged in their efforts, not by 
alms that demoralize and debase, but by em- 
ployment that will encourage self-reliance and 
strengthen the hopes of permanent reform. 
What is to hinder an organization for such a 
purpose, with good men and capital enough to 
make it effective ! A hundred thousand dollars 
devoted to that end would be returned to the 
community an hundredfold in saved taxes, in- 
creased industries, and, above all, in men, 
women, and children rescued from the miseries, 
vices, and crimes of drunkenness. 





INTEMPERANCE 



ASID 



CRIME 



By NOAH DAVIS 



CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW YORK. 




NEW YORK: 
National Temperance Society and Publication House, 

58 READE STREET. 
1879. 







Temperance Literature. 

Paper Edition of Standard Works. 
Low Prices, to Suit the Times. 

. ♦*+> 

The National Temperance Society have recently issued a number 
of their standard works, in paper covers, for general circulation among 
rhe People at such low prices as should secure the distribution of millions 
of copies Having no funds fo.r gratuitous circulation, and receivmg nc 
money whatever from Churches, or Temperance Organizations, we appea, 
to aU Societies Churches, and individuals, to take measures to procure . 
nuantit of Ae^e pamphlets and books, which are furnished at cost ana 
SKt Aey have P a wide circulation. The following ,s a hst of tnose 
already published : 

,. TOW** Hp, ft nrce S . By Dr. Wm. Hargreaves. 12nio, 202 pages. The Mis- 
OW Z^i^Z^ceZor m ,^n g the xnost .aluahle statistics ever pub- 

lished. Price, in cloth, 1 25; paper edition 

~,, « -l-u'x- • +'= T«vt Bftftk 12mo, 312 pages. Cloth, 1 00; paper 50 

— ,* wn i.i.„ ««/l 1i4« Wine. 12mo, 458 pages. By Mrs. Mary 

Cloth, 1 00 ; paper edition 

ough discussion of the entire question. Cloth, 1 25 , paper edition 

0« Alcohol By Dr. B. W. Richardson, F.R.S., of London. 12mo,. 190 pages Sis 

0,1 ^Canto^ Lturls," showing the nature and Effect of Alcohol on the Body and Mind. ^ 

Cloth, 1 00; paper edition 

TWMins Dethroned. APrizeEssay. Cloth, 1 00; paper edition 5U 

Bacchus Dethronett, By Ezra M. Hunt, M.D. 12mo, 137 pages. 
Alcohol as a Food and Medicine, tfy ^ ra iU ^ 25 w 

Cloth, 60c. ; paper edition 

« j- ~A P^i+ntinns 12mo, 96 pages. Cloth, 60c. ; paper <£ 

Re S*M£^^^ 

BMe Vines, or, Laws of Fermentation. 1-c 13, pa g e, B.v Kev. ^ 

Wm. Patton, D.D. Cloth, 60c; paper •_ • • 

The Action of Alcohol on the Body and on the Mind. By b. . 

Richardson, M.D., of England. 12mo, 60 pages. Paper edition *l -, 

Sent by mail, post paid, on receipt of price a 

Addre* J. N. STEARNS, Publishing Agent 

58 Reade Street, X&c York. 



For Sunday-School Libraries, 



The 



National Temperance Society and Publication Houses 
nnHithed Eiehty-seven Books specially adapted to Sun- 
5 a iSnbrarS which have been carefully examined and 

At Lion's Mouth . ,- S 1 g 



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Andrew Douglass <;> 

Aunt Dinah's Pledge 1 f 

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1>h.e -I io 

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Brook, and the Tide Turn- 



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Mill and the Tavern, The. 

Model Landlord, The ...... 

More Excellent Way, A.. . 

Mr. Mackenzie's Answer. 

National Temperance Ora- 
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Norman Brill's Life- Work. 1 00 

-».t_4--u^^«. +« TkY-inlr 1 OU 



50 
1 25 

60 
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ing, The 



1 00 



Brewir's Fortune, The 1 50 

Come Home, Mother 

•Coals of Fire • „,;;•■■ 

Curse of Mill Valley, The. 
Drinking- Fountain Stories 
Dumb Traitor, The. ... . • 1 
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Est^Maxweirs Mistake 1 00 

n t>^^-/->tt'c! KnichT. HiV- 

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50 

1 00 

1 25 

1 00 

25 

90 

85 



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Fire Fighters, The - - - 

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Glass Cable, The... lg 

Harry the Prodigal > *> 

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History of Two Lives, The. ou 
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What it Wrought 1 00 

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How Could He Escape P . . . . l 25 

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Image Unveiled, The 1 00 

JewiUed Serpent, The 1 00 

John Bentley's Mistake.... 50 

Job Tufton's Rest 1*5 

Joe's Partner 

Jug-or-Not • • ••• • 

Little Girl in Black 



Nothing to Drink. 

Old Times... 

Our Coffee-Room \ y" 

Old Brown Pitcher, The. . J 00 

Out of the Fire.... 1 f. 

Our Parish... ..... . £ 

Packington Parish... • } jg 
Paul Brewster and Son.... a uu 
Philip Eckert's Struggles 

and Triumphs «» 

Piece of Silver, A... °u 

Pitcher of Cool Water ...... 50 

l dueer Home in Rugby 

Court, The.... . ;• 1 5° 

Rachel Noble's Experi- 



Red Bridge The..... •■ yu 

Rev. Dr. Willoughby and 

his Wine 1|0 

Ripley Parsonage ........ . . . i -» 

Boy's Search; or, Lost m 

the Cars \ £ 

Saved • t 5^ 

Silver Castle 

Seymours, The • • 

Strange Sea Story, A.- 

Temperance Doctor, Tbe.^ 
Temperance Speaker, ±ne 

Temperance Anecdotes \ w 

Time Will Tell \™ 

Tim's Troubles x ou 

Tom Blinn's Temperance 



1 00 
1 50 

1 25 

75 



Society. 



1 25 



50 
1 25 



Ten Cents. 1 f n 

Vow at the Bars Jo 

Wealth and Wme ] g 

White Rose, The. .... ...... • \ % 

Wife's Engagement-Rmg.. 1 % 
Work and Reward 



Zoa Rodman. 



1 Ol 



Ser of the above will be 8 e„t by »1, post-pa.d, on receipt oj pr.ee. 
J. $. STEABNS, Publishing Agent, 58 Keade St., K, Y. 



The Temperance Lesson Book. 

A Series of Short Lessons on Alcohol and its Action on 

the Body. 

By BENJAMIN ¥. RICHAKDSON, M.A., M.D, P.ES., 

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London, etc. 

16mo, 220 Pages. Price, 75 Cents. 

School Edition. $6 oo per Dozen. 

The National Temperance Society has just published a new and very valuable wort 
designed for all schools, public and private, and for home instruction, entitled The Tem- 
perance Lesson Book, from the pen of Dr. B. W. Richardson, of London, tbe distinguished 
author of " The Cantor Lectures on Alcohol." 

This timely and important book, which comprises a series of short lessons on alcohol 
and its action on the body, meets thoroughly a great educational need. It is the mature 
result of most careful and extended research on the part of its gifted author, whose attain- 
ments place him in the front rank of the ablest scientists of the world. There are fifty-two 
lessons, each followed by a series of questions for examination and review. They arc free 
from labored and wearisome details, cover a wide range of physiological and hygienic infor- 
mation, and in style are simple and attractive, admirably adapted to win and retain to the end 
the interest of students. Their practical value, as a means of prevention and a safeguard 
for the young against the drink peril, it would be impossible to compute. 

Measures should be immediately taken everywhere to bring the work to the notice ol 
Boards of Education, School Committees, Trustees and Teachers, and to have it at once 
Introduced into the schools under their direction and care. It should find a place in all 
schools, public and private, in every State and Territory, in every city, town, and school- 
district throughout the land. The following is the 






TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



i. 
n. 
ni. 
rv. 

v. 

VI. 
VII. 

vin. 

IX. 

x. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XTV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XML 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

xxn. 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIII. 

XXIX. 

XXX. 



Artificial Drinks. 
Natural Drinks. 
The Water of the Body. 
Uses of Water in the Body. 
The Water-Current in the Body. 
Natural Food. 
Water-Drinkers. 
Wine and Strong Drink. 
Wine and Beer in Ancient Times. 
Wise Men on Wine. 
Distillation. 
Spirit of Wine. 
Ardent Spirits. 
Alcohol. 

Absolute Alcohol. 
Composition of Alcohol. 
Properties of Alcohol. 
Alcoholic Drinks. 
Alcohol in Strong Drinks. 
Alcohol in Wines. 
Alcohol in Spirits and Beers. 
The Alcohol Family. 
The Alcohol Family, continued. 
The Alcohol Family 
Construction of the Alcohols. 
Alcohol and Animal Life. 
Alcohol as a Food. 
Alcohol in the Blood. 
Action of Alcohol on the Blood. 
Further Action of Alcohol on the 
Blood. 



XXXI. Diseased Blood from Alcohol. 
XXXTI.' Respiration and Alcohol. 

XXXIII. Standard Animal Warmth. 

XXXIV. Animal Life under Alcohol. The 

First Stage. 
XXXV. The Feeling of Warmth from Al- 
cohol. 
XXXVI. Animal Life under Alcohol. The 

Second Stage. 
XXXVn. Animal Life under Alcohol. The 
Third stage. 
XXXVTIL Animal Life under Alcohol. The 
Fourth Stasre. 
XXXIX. The Stages of Action of Alcohol. 
XL. Alcohol and Cold. 
XLI. Alcoholic Chill. 
XLII. The Heart under Alcohol. 
XLIII. Heart Work under Alcohol. 
XLIV. Alcoholic Fatigue. 

XLV. Alcohol and Muscular Strength. 
XL VI. Alcohol and tbe Small Blood 

Vessels. 
XLVTI. Alcohol as a Stimulant. 
XLVni. Stimulation and Depression. 
XLIX. Alcohol as a Poison. 

L Diseases of the Body from Alcoboi 
LI. Death from Alcohol. 
LH. Inanity from Alcohol. 

Summary of Lessons 



J. N. STEAMS, Publishing Agent, 

58 Reade Street, New York. 



